PCSI:一种单篇论文被引频次标准化方法     

伍军红  肖宏  任美亚  冯士雍  丁哲 《图书情报工作》2020,64(23):22-30

[目的/意义] 文章的被引频次一直是量化评价一篇论文学术影响力的重要指标。但在不同学科不同年份发表的论文会因该领域研究论文数、引用滞后等因素呈现较大的差异。因此在对比两篇论文时，难以简单依据被引频次的绝对值来评判论文影响力大小。为此，本文设计了一个新的可计算数学模型，使得每篇论文可以有一个标准化的指标，以便对不同学科不同年份发表的论文的学术影响力进行直接比较。[方法/过程] 通过分析2006、2017两年中国科技类学术期刊各学科论文的被引频次分布规律，采用同学科论文被引频次的分布形态最接近对数正态分布的先设条件，提出一种被引频次标准化指数——Paper Citation Standardized Index （简称PCSI，中文"论文引证标准化指数"）。最后以中国科协优秀科技期刊论文评选结果为例，将它们与论文所属学科全部论文进行实证对比研究。[结果/结论] 结果证明，PCSI对不同年份、不同学科论文的被引频次进行了标准化，反映了被引频次的线性差距，是一种较为理想的单篇论文学术影响力比较评价工具。  相似文献   

Bio-inspired untethered fully soft robots in liquid actuated by induced energy gradients     

Liang Xiong Lyu  Fen Li  Kang Wu  Pan Deng  Seung Hee Jeong  Zhigang Wu  Han Ding 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(5):970

Soft robotics with new designs, fabrication technologies and control strategies inspired by nature have been totally changing our view on robotics. To fully exploit their potential in practical applications, untethered designs are preferred in implementation. However, hindered by the limited thermal/mechanical performance of soft materials, it has been always challenging for researchers to implement untethered solutions, which generally involve rigid forms of high energy-density power sources or high energy-density processes. A number of insects in nature, such as rove beetles, can gain a burst of kinetic energy from the induced surface-energy gradient on water to return to their familiar habitats, which is generally known as Marangoni propulsion. Inspired by such a behavior, we report the agile untethered mobility of a fully soft robot in liquid based on induced energy gradients and also develop corresponding fabrication and maneuvering strategies. The robot can reach a speed of 5.5 body lengths per second, which is 7-fold more than the best reported, 0.69 (body length per second), in the previous work on untethered soft robots in liquid by far. Further controlling the robots, we demonstrate a soft-robot swarm that can approach a target simultaneously to assure a hit with high accuracy. Without employing any high energy-density power sources or processes, our robot exhibits many attractive merits, such as quietness, no mechanical wear, no thermal fatigue, invisibility and ease of robot fabrication, which may potentially impact many fields in the future.  相似文献   

Identifying Liars Through Automatic Decoding of Children's Facial Expressions     

Kaila C. Bruer  Sarah Zanette  Xiao Pan Ding  Thomas D. Lyon  Kang Lee 《Child development》2020,91(4):e995-e1011

This study explored whether children's (N = 158; 4- to 9 years old) nonverbal facial expressions can be used to identify when children are being deceptive. Using a computer vision program to automatically decode children's facial expressions according to the Facial Action Coding System, this study employed machine learning to determine whether facial expressions can be used to discriminate between children who concealed breaking a toy(liars) and those who did not break a toy(nonliars). Results found that, regardless of age or history of maltreatment, children's facial expressions could accurately (73%) be distinguished between liars and nonliars. Two emotions, surprise and fear, were more strongly expressed by liars than nonliars. These findings provide evidence to support the use of automatically coded facial expressions to detect children's deception.  相似文献   

体育侵权:自甘风险还是过失相抵     

李鼎 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(5):56-60

自甘风险和过失相抵是体育侵权案件中最常见的抗辩方式。前者将会免除加害人的赔偿责任,而后者只能按比例减少加害人的赔偿责任。虽然法律后果存在巨大差异,但目前对于体育侵权案件适用自甘风险,还是适用过失相抵,没有一个明确的标准,没有建构一套稳定的规则。从美国法的经验来看,通过对自甘风险进行分类来解决自甘风险和过失相抵的竞合问题,并不是一个成功的范例。实际上,自甘风险和过失相抵的主要区别在于受害人能否认知风险的存在。通过运动类型、违规程度、年龄和精神状况、参与的自愿性、专业程度等五个要素的综合考量,法官可以推知当事人的意思,进而从参加体育活动的行为来判断是否构成自甘风险,最终正确适用法律。  相似文献   

我国图书情报领域期刊论文的科学数据引用特征研究     

丁文姚  李健  韩毅 《图书情报工作》2019,63(22):118-128

[目的/意义] 探索期刊论文科学数据引用特征与规律不仅有助于描述学科领域对科学数据的利用情况，还能够揭示学术成果表达中的数据引用模式。[方法/过程] 以我国图书情报领域6种期刊2017年与2018年第一期刊载论文为样本，结合国家标准《信息技术科学数据引用》的引用元素，采用内容分析法从9个维度对样本论文的科学数据引用行为进行数据编码，应用统计学方法描述图书情报领域期刊论文科学数据引用特征并探索不同维度特征间的关联关系。[结果/结论] 图书情报领域期刊论文广泛引用来自国内外的统计整理类科学数据，对期刊论文中个人研究科学数据的引用量较大；科学数据引用标注方式与科学数据类型存在一定对应关系，但多样化的标注方式缺乏统一性；二手引用现象较为突出，二手引用程度与科学数据创建者类型相关。  相似文献   

基于用户兴趣度量的知识发现服务精准推荐     

丁梦晓  毕强  许鹏程  李洁  牟冬梅 《图书情报工作》2019,63(3):21-29

[目的/意义]针对当前知识发现服务中存在的个性化程度不高和推荐效果不佳等问题，提出一种基于用户兴趣度量和内容分析的推荐算法。[方法/过程]文章通过特征词分布、LDA主题分布、引文结构网络三个维度构建学术资源模型，并通过对用户行为的度量，计算用户对其浏览学术资源的兴趣度，结合学术资源模型构建用户兴趣模型。将用户兴趣模型与学术资源模型匹配，计算其相似度，得到用户对每条学术资源的兴趣值，最后将兴趣值最高的TOP-N学术资源推荐给用户。[结果/结论]通过实验检验算法的有效性和推荐准确率，结果显示，本文从实时动态度量兴趣的角度，提出的推荐算法能较好地预测用户兴趣，推荐效果显著，为实现发现服务精准推荐提供思路。  相似文献   

Coupled matrix factorization and topic modeling for aspect mining     

Ding Xiao  Yugang Ji  Yitong Li  Fuzhen Zhuang  Chuan Shi 《Information processing & management》2018,54(6):861-873

Aspect mining, which aims to extract ad hoc aspects from online reviews and predict rating or opinion on each aspect, can satisfy the personalized needs for evaluation of specific aspect on product quality. Recently, with the increase of related research, how to effectively integrate rating and review information has become the key issue for addressing this problem. Considering that matrix factorization is an effective tool for rating prediction and topic modeling is widely used for review processing, it is a natural idea to combine matrix factorization and topic modeling for aspect mining (or called aspect rating prediction). However, this idea faces several challenges on how to address suitable sharing factors, scale mismatch, and dependency relation of rating and review information. In this paper, we propose a novel model to effectively integrate Matrix factorization and Topic modeling for Aspect rating prediction (MaToAsp). To overcome the above challenges and ensure the performance, MaToAsp employs items as the sharing factors to combine matrix factorization and topic modeling, and introduces an interpretive preference probability to eliminate scale mismatch. In the hybrid model, we establish a dependency relation from ratings to sentiment terms in phrases. The experiments on two real datasets including Chinese Dianping and English Tripadvisor prove that MaToAsp not only obtains reasonable aspect identification but also achieves the best aspect rating prediction performance, compared to recent representative baselines.  相似文献   

实验室的"去科学化"与面向"真实世界"——基于实验室"范型"的演变研究     

俞鼎 《科学技术哲学研究》2021,38(3):34-40

随着技术风险的社会化与社会改革的技术化,技术实验愈发嵌入到真实世界中发生,紧密参与到了社会治理,而基于培根契约的实验室制度却在制造危机,这就有了重塑实验室边界的问题.基于形态发生学的视角,通过考察不同实验室"范型"——容器形态、规训形态——之间的演变机制,在此基础上论证"小生境"形态的实验场景的合理性,并就"技术-社会"实验系统的规范性要求做出说明.以上研究表明,基于实验驱动的新科学社会契约正在形成,但机遇与挑战并重,有待进一步的探索.  相似文献   

探索高校实验室大型仪器设备管理新模式   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

关丽萍  宋皓 《中国现代教育装备》2011,(1):21-23

高等学校大型仪器设备是从事教学、科研的重要条件和基本手段,是学校综合实力的体现。随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展,知识在经济发展中起到越来越重要的作用,使得高校大型仪器设备的管理显得尤为重要。结合工作实践,以及对目前高校实验室大型仪器设备管理及使用现状的分析,提出了加强高校大型仪器设备管理,提高大型仪器设备使用效率的若干措施。  相似文献   

全数字化语言实验室系统环境下的医学英语教学研究     

高磊  王志晨  丁坤敏 《中国现代教育装备》2011,(13):50-52

为了将全数字化语言实验室系统（Newclass）应用于医学英语教学研究,探求构建全新教学模式,以改善低效的教学现状。挑选了实验班与对照班各62人。全数字化语言实验室系统环境下进行医学英语教学,能够提高学生的语言应用能力（听说、词汇、摘要写作）与自主学习能力,但对阅读理解能力提高并不显著。  相似文献